What is Gout?

Gout is a form of arthritis caused by high levels of uric acid in the bloodstream. The excess uric acid forms needle-like crystals (urate) in the joints, which accumulates and causes inflammation in the joints. This can cause sudden and severe pain, swellings and redness.

Multiple genetic variations, each with a small effect, likely combine to increase the risk of developing gout. Most of the known genes play a role in transporting urate. Many gout-associated genes play a role in releasing urate into the urine if levels are too high or reabsorbing it back into the bloodstream if more is needed in the body. Other associated genes are involved in transporting or breaking down sugars or transporting other small molecules.

How does gout affect you?

When the body breaks down purines (found in food), uric acid is formed. It will be eliminated by the kidney as urine. In some cases, the body overproduces uric acid or makes normal amount, however the kidney is unable to efficiently eliminate it from the body. There will be high levels of uric acid in the body, which leads to the formation of crystals. Over time, the joint space can be irreversibly damaged, leading to chronic pain and disability with grossly deformed joints.

Symptoms of gout